Supporting Proactive Diabetes Screenings to Improve Health Outcomes

Diabetes affects over 45 million adults in the United States, and can result in additional health complications, mortality, and increased health care costs. Existing diabetes screening guidelines miss opportunities for treatment and prevention among minority populations. We have partnered with AllianceChicago — a national network of 44 community health centers serving the least resourced members of their communities — to identify patients at risk of developing diabetes so that its network of community health centers can provide better medical treatment.

Sensitivity Analysis for an Unobserved Moderator in Trial-to-Target-Population Generalization of Treatment Effects

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for estimating the average effect of a treatment in a study population. Researchers in the education field often use evidence from RCTs to examine the effectiveness of educational interventions. While trials have strong internal validity by design, there is growing concern over potential poor external validity, or generalizability, of trial results to a target population of interest (Bell et al., 2016; Cook, 2014; Tipton, 2014).

Estimating Population Effects: Case Study of Generalizing Results of a Methamphetamine Trial

Randomized trials are considered the gold standard for assessing the causal effects of a drug or intervention in a study population, and their results are often utilized in the formulation of health policy. However, there is growing concern that results from trials do not generalize well to their respective target populations, in which policies are enacted, due to substantial demographic differences between study and target populations. In trials related to substance use disorders (SUDs), especially, strict exclusion criteria make it challenging to obtain study samples that are fully ‘representative’ of the populations that researchers wish to generalize their results to.

Characterizing the Burden of HIV and Specific Vulnerabilities among Transgender Women compared to Men who have Sex with Men across Eight Sub-Saharan African Countries

Transgender women are at high risk of acquiring HIV; however, limited data have previously been collected to quantify their risk across Sub-Saharan Africa. We identified potential risk factors of HIV infection among trans women, and characterized differences in HIV risks between trans women and gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in eight Sub-Saharan African Nations (Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, The Gambia, Lesotho, Malawi, Senegal, Swaziland and Togo).